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Langinfo.pm
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package I18N::Langinfo; use 5.006; use strict; use warnings; use Carp; use Exporter 'import'; require XSLoader; our @EXPORT = qw(langinfo); our @EXPORT_OK = qw( ABDAY_1 ABDAY_2 ABDAY_3 ABDAY_4 ABDAY_5 ABDAY_6 ABDAY_7 ABMON_1 ABMON_2 ABMON_3 ABMON_4 ABMON_5 ABMON_6 ABMON_7 ABMON_8 ABMON_9 ABMON_10 ABMON_11 ABMON_12 ALT_DIGITS AM_STR CODESET CRNCYSTR DAY_1 DAY_2 DAY_3 DAY_4 DAY_5 DAY_6 DAY_7 D_FMT D_T_FMT ERA ERA_D_FMT ERA_D_T_FMT ERA_T_FMT MON_1 MON_2 MON_3 MON_4 MON_5 MON_6 MON_7 MON_8 MON_9 MON_10 MON_11 MON_12 NOEXPR NOSTR PM_STR RADIXCHAR THOUSEP T_FMT T_FMT_AMPM YESEXPR YESSTR _NL_ADDRESS_POSTAL_FMT _NL_ADDRESS_COUNTRY_NAME _NL_ADDRESS_COUNTRY_POST _NL_ADDRESS_COUNTRY_AB2 _NL_ADDRESS_COUNTRY_AB3 _NL_ADDRESS_COUNTRY_CAR _NL_ADDRESS_COUNTRY_NUM _NL_ADDRESS_COUNTRY_ISBN _NL_ADDRESS_LANG_NAME _NL_ADDRESS_LANG_AB _NL_ADDRESS_LANG_TERM _NL_ADDRESS_LANG_LIB _NL_IDENTIFICATION_TITLE _NL_IDENTIFICATION_SOURCE _NL_IDENTIFICATION_ADDRESS _NL_IDENTIFICATION_CONTACT _NL_IDENTIFICATION_EMAIL _NL_IDENTIFICATION_TEL _NL_IDENTIFICATION_FAX _NL_IDENTIFICATION_LANGUAGE _NL_IDENTIFICATION_TERRITORY _NL_IDENTIFICATION_AUDIENCE _NL_IDENTIFICATION_APPLICATION _NL_IDENTIFICATION_ABBREVIATION _NL_IDENTIFICATION_REVISION _NL_IDENTIFICATION_DATE _NL_IDENTIFICATION_CATEGORY _NL_MEASUREMENT_MEASUREMENT _NL_NAME_NAME_FMT _NL_NAME_NAME_GEN _NL_NAME_NAME_MR _NL_NAME_NAME_MRS _NL_NAME_NAME_MISS _NL_NAME_NAME_MS _NL_PAPER_HEIGHT _NL_PAPER_WIDTH _NL_TELEPHONE_TEL_INT_FMT _NL_TELEPHONE_TEL_DOM_FMT _NL_TELEPHONE_INT_SELECT _NL_TELEPHONE_INT_PREFIX ); our $VERSION = '0.24'; XSLoader::load(); 1; __END__ =encoding utf8 =head1 NAME I18N::Langinfo - query locale information =head1 SYNOPSIS use I18N::Langinfo; =head1 DESCRIPTION The langinfo() function queries various locale information that can be used to localize output and user interfaces. It uses the current underlying locale, regardless of whether or not it was called from within the scope of S<C<use locale>>. The langinfo() function requires one numeric argument that identifies the locale constant to query: if no argument is supplied, C<$_> is used. The numeric constants appropriate to be used as arguments are exportable from I18N::Langinfo. The following example will import the langinfo() function itself and three constants to be used as arguments to langinfo(): a constant for the abbreviated first day of the week (the numbering starts from Sunday = 1) and two more constants for the affirmative and negative answers for a yes/no question in the current locale. use I18N::Langinfo qw(langinfo ABDAY_1 YESSTR NOSTR); my ($abday_1, $yesstr, $nostr) = map { langinfo($_) } (ABDAY_1, YESSTR, NOSTR); print "$abday_1? [$yesstr/$nostr] "; In other words, in the "C" (or English) locale the above will probably print something like: Sun? [yes/no] but under a French locale dim? [oui/non] The usually available constants are as follows. =over 4 =item * For abbreviated and full length days of the week and months of the year: ABDAY_1 ABDAY_2 ABDAY_3 ABDAY_4 ABDAY_5 ABDAY_6 ABDAY_7 ABMON_1 ABMON_2 ABMON_3 ABMON_4 ABMON_5 ABMON_6 ABMON_7 ABMON_8 ABMON_9 ABMON_10 ABMON_11 ABMON_12 DAY_1 DAY_2 DAY_3 DAY_4 DAY_5 DAY_6 DAY_7 MON_1 MON_2 MON_3 MON_4 MON_5 MON_6 MON_7 MON_8 MON_9 MON_10 MON_11 MON_12 =item * For the date-time, date, and time formats used by the strftime() function (see L<POSIX>): D_T_FMT D_FMT T_FMT =item * For the locales for which it makes sense to have ante meridiem and post meridiem time formats: AM_STR PM_STR T_FMT_AMPM =item * For the character code set being used (such as "ISO8859-1", "cp850", "koi8-r", "sjis", "utf8", etc.): CODESET =item * For the symbol or string of characters that indicates a number is a monetary value: CRNCYSTR An example is the dollar sign C<$>. Some locales not associated with particular locations may have an empty currency string. (The C locale is one.) Otherwise, the return of this is always prefixed by one of these three characters: =over =item C<-> indicates that in this locale, the string precedes the numeric value, as in a U.S. locale: C<$9.95>. =item C<+> indicates that in this locale, the string follows the numeric value, like C<9.95USD>. =item C<.> indicates that in this locale, the string replaces the radix character, like C<9$95>. =back =item * For the radix character used between the integer and the fractional part of decimal numbers, and the group separator string for large-ish floating point numbers (yes, these are redundant with L<POSIX::localeconv()|POSIX/localeconv>): RADIXCHAR THOUSEP =item * For any alternate digits used in this locale besides the standard C<0..9>: ALT_DIGITS This returns a sequence of alternate numeric reprsesentations for the numbers C<0> ... up to C<99>. The representations are returned in a single string, with a semi-colon C<;> used to separated the individual ones. Most locales don't have alternate digits, so the string will be empty. To access this data conveniently, you could do something like use I18N::Langinfo qw(langinfo ALT_DIGITS); my @alt_digits = split ';', langinfo(ALT_DIGITS); The array C<@alt_digits> will contain 0 elements if the current locale doesn't have alternate digits specified for it. Otherwise, it will have as many elements as the locale defines, with C<[0]> containing the alternate digit for zero; C<[1]> for one; and so forth, up to potentially C<[99]> for the alternate representation of ninety-nine. Be aware that the alternate representation in some locales for the numbers 0..9 will have a leading alternate-zero, so would look like the equivalent of 00..09. Running this program use I18N::Langinfo qw(langinfo ALT_DIGITS); my @alt_digits = split ';', langinfo(ALT_DIGITS); splice @alt_digits, 15; print join " ", @alt_digits, "\n"; on a Japanese locale yields S<C<〇 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 十 十一 十二 十三 十四>> on some platforms. =item * For the affirmative and negative responses and expressions: YESSTR YESEXPR NOSTR NOEXPR =item * For the eras based on typically some ruler, such as the Japanese Emperor (naturally only defined in the appropriate locales): ERA ERA_D_FMT ERA_D_T_FMT ERA_T_FMT =back In addition, Linux boxes have extra items, as follows. (When called from other platform types, these return a stub value, of not much use.) =over =item C<_NL_ADDRESS_POSTAL_FMT> =item C<_NL_ADDRESS_COUNTRY_NAME> =item C<_NL_ADDRESS_COUNTRY_POST> =item C<_NL_ADDRESS_COUNTRY_AB2> =item C<_NL_ADDRESS_COUNTRY_AB3> =item C<_NL_ADDRESS_COUNTRY_CAR> =item C<_NL_ADDRESS_COUNTRY_NUM> =item C<_NL_ADDRESS_COUNTRY_ISBN> =item C<_NL_ADDRESS_LANG_NAME> =item C<_NL_ADDRESS_LANG_AB> =item C<_NL_ADDRESS_LANG_TERM> =item C<_NL_ADDRESS_LANG_LIB> On Linux boxes, these return information about the country for the current locale. Further information is found in F<langinfo.h> =item C<_NL_IDENTIFICATION_TITLE> =item C<_NL_IDENTIFICATION_SOURCE> =item C<_NL_IDENTIFICATION_ADDRESS> =item C<_NL_IDENTIFICATION_CONTACT> =item C<_NL_IDENTIFICATION_EMAIL> =item C<_NL_IDENTIFICATION_TEL> =item C<_NL_IDENTIFICATION_FAX> =item C<_NL_IDENTIFICATION_LANGUAGE> =item C<_NL_IDENTIFICATION_TERRITORY> =item C<_NL_IDENTIFICATION_AUDIENCE> =item C<_NL_IDENTIFICATION_APPLICATION> =item C<_NL_IDENTIFICATION_ABBREVIATION> =item C<_NL_IDENTIFICATION_REVISION> =item C<_NL_IDENTIFICATION_DATE> =item C<_NL_IDENTIFICATION_CATEGORY> On Linux boxes, these return meta information about the current locale, such as how to get in touch with its maintainers. Further information is found in F<langinfo.h> =item C<_NL_MEASUREMENT_MEASUREMENT> On Linux boxes, it returns 1 if the metric system of measurement prevails in the locale; or 2 if US customary units prevail. =item C<_NL_NAME_NAME_FMT> =item C<_NL_NAME_NAME_GEN> =item C<_NL_NAME_NAME_MR> =item C<_NL_NAME_NAME_MRS> =item C<_NL_NAME_NAME_MISS> =item C<_NL_NAME_NAME_MS> On Linux boxes, these return information about how names are formatted and the personal salutations used in the current locale. Further information is found in L<locale(7)> and F<langinfo.h> =item C<_NL_PAPER_HEIGHT> =item C<_NL_PAPER_WIDTH> On Linux boxes, these return the standard size of sheets of paper (in millimeters) in the current locale. =item C<_NL_TELEPHONE_TEL_INT_FMT> =item C<_NL_TELEPHONE_TEL_DOM_FMT> =item C<_NL_TELEPHONE_INT_SELECT> =item C<_NL_TELEPHONE_INT_PREFIX> On Linux boxes, these return information about how telephone numbers are formatted (both domestically and international calling) in the current locale. Further information is found in F<langinfo.h> =back =head2 For systems without C<nl_langinfo> This module originally was just a wrapper for the libc C<nl_langinfo> function, and did not work on systems lacking it, such as Windows. Starting in Perl 5.28, this module works on all platforms. When C<nl_langinfo> is not available, it uses various methods to construct what that function, if present, would return. But there are potential glitches. These are the items that could be different: =over =item C<ERA> Unimplemented, so returns C<"">. =item C<CODESET> This should work properly for Windows platforms. On almost all other modern platforms, it will reliably return "UTF-8" if that is the code set. Otherwise, it depends on the locale's name. If that is of the form C<foo.bar>, it will assume C<bar> is the code set; and it also knows about the two locales "C" and "POSIX". If none of those apply it returns C<"">. =item C<YESEXPR> =item C<YESSTR> =item C<NOEXPR> =item C<NOSTR> Only the values for English are returned. C<YESSTR> and C<NOSTR> have been removed from POSIX 2008, and are retained here for backwards compatibility. Your platform's C<nl_langinfo> may not support them. =item C<ALT_DIGITS> On systems with a C<L<strftime(3)>> that recognizes the POSIX-defined C<%O> format modifier (not Windows), perl tries hard to return these. The result likely will go as high as what C<nl_langinfo()> would return, but not necessarily; and the numbers from C<0..9> will always be stripped of leading zeros. Without C<%O>, an empty string is always returned. =item C<D_FMT> Always evaluates to C<%x>, the locale's appropriate date representation. =item C<T_FMT> Always evaluates to C<%X>, the locale's appropriate time representation. =item C<D_T_FMT> Always evaluates to C<%c>, the locale's appropriate date and time representation. =item C<CRNCYSTR> The return may be incorrect for those rare locales where the currency symbol replaces the radix character. If you have examples of it needing to work differently, please file a report at L<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues>. =item C<ERA_D_FMT> =item C<ERA_T_FMT> =item C<ERA_D_T_FMT> =item C<T_FMT_AMPM> These are derived by using C<strftime()>, and not all versions of that function know about them. C<""> is returned for these on such systems. =item All C<_NL_I<foo>> items These return the same values as they do on boxes that don't have the appropriate underlying locale categories. =back See your L<nl_langinfo(3)> for more information about the available constants. (Often this means having to look directly at the F<langinfo.h> C header file.) =head2 EXPORT By default only the C<langinfo()> function is exported. =head1 BUGS Before Perl 5.28, the returned values are unreliable for the C<RADIXCHAR> and C<THOUSEP> locale constants. Starting in 5.28, changing locales on threaded builds is supported on systems that offer thread-safe locale functions. These include POSIX 2008 systems and Windows starting with Visual Studio 2005, and this module will work properly in such situations. However, on threaded builds on Windows prior to Visual Studio 2015, retrieving the items C<CRNCYSTR> and C<THOUSEP> can result in a race with a thread that has converted to use the global locale. It is quite uncommon for a thread to have done this. It would be possible to construct a workaround for this; patches welcome: see L<perlapi/switch_to_global_locale>. =head1 SEE ALSO L<perllocale>, L<POSIX/localeconv>, L<POSIX/setlocale>, L<nl_langinfo(3)>. =head1 AUTHOR Jarkko Hietaniemi, E<lt>jhi@hut.fiE<gt>. Now maintained by Perl 5 porters. =head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE Copyright 2001 by Jarkko Hietaniemi This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself. =cut
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